Fake News, Political Discourse, and Media Credibility: A Critical Analysis of Dawn’s Online Coverage (July 2024–January 2025)

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of fake news and AI-generated disinformation on social media has severely affected political discourse in Pakistan. This study critically examines the fact-checking efforts of Dawn News, one of Pakistan’s leading English-language news outlets, to combat politically motivated fake news. Using content analysis (both qualitative and quantitative), all 29 fact-check articles published on Dawn.com between July 2024 and January 2025 were analyzed. The objectives were: (1) to identify the dominant themes and targets of viral fake news in Pakistan, (2) to assess the role and effectiveness of Dawn News fact-checks in countering disinformation, and (3) to examine the misuse of artificial intelligence tools in political propaganda. Findings reveal that 58.6% of debunked claims were related to national politics, with Imran Khan and PTI being the most frequent targets, followed by ruling party figures. Deep-fakes and manipulated media emerged as the dominant formats. The study concludes that systematic fact-checking by credible media outlets is an essential defense against information disorder in polarized societies.